How do you measure the success of an Agile transformation?

Measuring Agile transformation success requires multi-dimensional metrics: (1) Business outcomes (most important) — revenue impact of delivered features, customer satisfaction (NPS, CSAT), market response time, feature adoption rates. Agile transformation succeeds when business outcomes improve, not when ceremonies are followed; (2) Flow metrics — deployment frequency (DORA), lead time for changes, change failure rate, time to restore service. These measure technical Agile maturity; (3) Team health — psychological safety surveys, team stability (attrition), Spotify-style health check models; (4) Process efficiency — reduction in defect rates, reduction in time from idea to production, reduction in rework; (5) Predictability — forecast accuracy (planned vs. actual delivered story points); (6) Customer collaboration — frequency of stakeholder feedback, product discovery activity. Anti-patterns to avoid: measuring "Agile adoption" by counting ceremonies, measuring velocity as a performance KPI (teams game it), comparing team velocities. The ultimate measure: does the organization deliver more value faster with higher quality and happier people?