What are geo queries in Elasticsearch?

Elasticsearch has first-class support for geospatial data. Fields mapped as geo_point can store latitude/longitude coordinates. The most common geo queries are: geo_distance (find all documents within a given radius of a point — e.g., "restaurants within 5km of me"), geo_bounding_box (find documents within a rectangular bounding box defined by top-left and bottom-right corners), and geo_polygon (find documents within an arbitrary polygon). Geo queries are typically used in filter context for performance. The geo_shape field type and query support complex geometries like polygons, lines, and multi-points for advanced GIS use cases.