What is Python's context managers and the contextlib module?

The contextlib module provides utilities for creating and working with context managers. @contextmanager: creates a context manager from a generator function using yield — code before yield runs in __enter__, code after in __exit__: @contextmanager def managed_resource(): resource = acquire(); try: yield resource; finally: release(resource). contextlib.suppress(*exceptions): suppress specific exceptions: with suppress(FileNotFoundError): os.remove("file.txt"). contextlib.redirect_stdout(f): redirect stdout to a file object. contextlib.ExitStack: manage multiple context managers dynamically — enter variable numbers of CMs at runtime. contextlib.asynccontextmanager: async version of contextmanager. AbstractContextManager: base class for creating CM classes. Context managers are the Pythonic way to handle resource acquisition and release.