What are the best practices for filtering, sorting, and searching in REST APIs?

Use query parameters for all three. For filtering: GET /products?category=electronics&minPrice=100&maxPrice=500&inStock=true. Use consistent parameter naming — avoid ambiguous operators. Complex filters can use a filter language: filter=price:gt:100,status:eq:active. For sorting: GET /products?sort=price&order=asc or support multi-field sort: sort=-createdAt,name (prefix - for descending). For searching: GET /products?search=wireless+headphones for full-text search. Separate search from filtering — search is fuzzy and ranked, filtering is exact. Always validate and sanitize filter parameters to prevent injection. Document all supported filter fields and sort fields in the OpenAPI spec. For complex queries, consider a dedicated search endpoint or GraphQL.