How does the Linux kernel's "Out-Of-Memory (OOM) killer" decide which process to terminate when the system runs critically low on memory?

A The OOM killer calculates a "badness" score for each process, influenced by memory usage and the "oom_score_adj" value, then terminates the highest-scoring process to free memory while minimizing overall damage B The OOM killer always terminates the process that was started most recently, regardless of memory usage C The OOM killer shuts down the entire system immediately without terminating individual processes D The OOM killer only ever targets processes owned by the root user