In performance testing, what is the difference between "throughput" and "latency", and why might optimizing for one negatively affect the other?

A Throughput measures how many requests a system handles per unit time, while latency measures the time to complete a single request; techniques that increase throughput (e.g. batching) can increase latency for individual requests B They are the same metric measured in different units with no trade-offs C Latency is only relevant for databases, never for APIs D Throughput can never be measured in a test environment